Cited 18 times since 1997 (0.7 per year) source: EuropePMC The Journal of infectious diseases, Volume 175, Issue 1, 1 1 1997, Pages 108-117 Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein release in whole blood ex vivo: strong induction by lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Dentener MA, Francot GJ, Hiemstra PS, Tool AT, Verhoeven AJ, Vandenabeele P, Buurman WA
In this study, the release of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), which is stored in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), was analyzed in a whole blood ex vivo system. Of the microbial products tested, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) most potently induced BPI release; FMLP, serum-treated zymosan (STZ), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) also induced BPI release. In addition, the inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha potently activated PMNL in whole blood, via TNF receptor p55, to release BPI, whereas interleukin (IL)-1, IL-8, platelet activating factor, and C5a were poor inducers of BPI release. STZ and phorbol myristate acetate, but not LPS, FMLP, or LTA, stimulated isolated PMNL to release BPI. BPI was released in comparable magnitude with the azurophilic granule protein elastase. Furthermore, both proteins were released with similar kinetics, which started within 30 min after onset of stimulation and lasted 1-4 h.
